“The Child of the Yang-tse – Shanghai – Typical of the New China” by Albert E. Willsher
ENG
This article, edited by Herbert K. Lau in 2014, reviews the history of the Shanghai International Settlement, which began with the 1863 merger of British and American enclaves established after the First Opium War (1839–1842) under the Treaty of Nanking. Shanghai was opened as a treaty port, ending the Canton monopoly, yet unlike Hong Kong and Macao, the settlements remained under Chinese sovereignty. The Shanghai Municipal Council (SMC), formed in 1854 by Britain, the United States, and France (until 1862), governed the area. By the 1930s, 14 treaty powers were involved, though British control predominated until Japanese influence grew in the late 1930s. The Settlement ended in December 1941 due to Japan’s World War II invasion. Subsequent treaties in 1943 and 1946 abolished extraterritorial rights, closing a significant chapter of semi-colonial rule in early 20th-century China.
PTG
Este artigo, editado por Herbert K. Lau em 2014, revisa a história do Shanghai International Settlement, iniciada com a fusão em 1863 dos enclaves britânico e americano estabelecidos após a Primeira Guerra do Ópio (1839–1842) pelo Tratado de Nanjing. Xangai foi aberta como um porto tratado, encerrando o monopólio de Cantão, porém, ao contrário de Hong Kong e Macau, os assentamentos permaneceram sob soberania chinesa. O Conselho Municipal de Xangai (SMC), formado em 1854 por Grã-Bretanha, Estados Unidos e França (até 1862), administrava a área. Na década de 1930, 14 potências estavam envolvidas, embora o controle britânico predominasse até o aumento da influência japonesa no final dos anos 1930. O assentamento terminou em dezembro de 1941 devido à invasão japonesa na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tratados subsequentes em 1943 e 1946 aboliram os direitos extraterritoriais, encerrando um capítulo significativo de governo semi-colonial na China do início do século XX.
中文
本文由劳家骏(Herbert K. Lau)于2014年编辑,回顾了上海国际租界的历史。该租界起源于1863年英美租界合并,最初由第一次鸦片战争(1839–1842)后根据《南京条约》设立。上海作为通商口岸开放,结束了广州的垄断,但与香港、澳门不同,租界仍处于中国主权之下。上海公共租界委员会(SMC)于1854年由英国、美国和曾参与的法国(直到1862年退出)成立,负责管理租界。到1930年代共有14个协约国参与,但英国主导地位显著,直到1930年代末日本影响力增强。1941年12月,日本在二战中侵华,国际租界结束。随后1943年和1946年的正式条约废除了租界的治外法权,结束了中国20世纪初半殖民地时期的重要篇章。
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